Comments on “Study and application of discharge calibration for submerged radial gates” by Guo X., Guo Y., Wang T., Fu H., Li J. Flow Meas. Instrum. 78 (2021) 101912, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2021.101912

This paper discusses the capability of Guo et al.'s (2021) equations to determine the discharge of radial gates under submerged flow conditions. It was concluded that Guo et al.'s (2021) equations are associated with error reduction compared to the Incomplete Self-Similarity (ISS) theory and the calibration method. However, it does not have a significant advantage over Energy-Momentum (E-M) approach. Employing E-M principles, new equations were proposed to determine the discharge of radial gates, which has some advantages compared to Guo et al. (2021), such as (1) error reduction under partially and fully submerged flow conditions, (2) least dependence on the empirical constants, (3) uniformity of form over the entire submerged condition, and (4) no need to classify the submerged flow. Field calibration showed that the proposed equations in the present study for a single gate predict the discharge of parallel radial gates with a mean absolute error of less than 4.5% subject to the submerged operation of all open gates.     

A brief review of dynamic mechanical metamaterials for mechanical energy manipulation

In the past decades, many mechanical metamaterials with uncommon static properties have been reported. On the other hand, mechanical metamaterials possessing extraordinary dynamic performance, also referred to as acoustic/elastic metamaterials, have gained more and more attractions. Examples include acoustic cloaking metamaterials that can generate an invisible region for acoustic waves, zero-stiffness metamaterials that can isolate vibrating mechanical energy, origami-based metamaterials that can realize the directional transmission of elastic waves and so on. To better understand the mechanisms adopted in dynamic mechanical metamaterials and present a general view about the existing works, we have reviewed some representative works and categorized them based on the ways of how these mechanical metamaterials manipulate the interactions between matters and mechanical energy. To distinguish the different categories of the dynamic mechanical metamaterials, we use a pair of binary numbers to measure the changing states of the magnitude and direction of the energy flow, respectively. A summary of some research works with associated reference numbers is presented in this paper with emphasis on the operating frequency, working bandwidth, and characteristic size of the element.     

Characterisation and in vitro cytotoxicity of toxic and degradation compounds in bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus Sinicus) during traditional fermentation

Fermentation has been historically applied to reduce bamboo shoot (BS) toxicity. However, the underlying degradation pathway of the toxic compounds remains unknown. In this work, the cytotoxicity of BS against the BRL-3A cells was evaluated, and the changes in chemical constituents were determined to reveal the influence of fermentation on BS. The in vitro toxic evaluation revealed fermentation time was crucial in decreasing the toxicity. The main compounds in fresh and fermented were qualitatively and quantitatively determined and were further targeted isolated and identified. A mathematical model to describe the change rate as a function of fermentation time was formulated. Dynamic profiling revealed that taxiphyllin 1 , p-hydroxybenzaldehyde 2 and methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate 3 decreased and transformed into intermediate compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid 4 and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 5 ), finally converting into p-hydroxytoluene 6 during fermentation. The results provided basis on the chemical components for practical fermentation and the quality control of BS products.     

Effect of Ni and SAPO-34 co-additive on enhancing hydrogen storage performance of MgH2

The hydrogen storage performances of MgH₂ improved by the addition of Ni and SAPO-34 were studied in detail. The mixture of MgH₂ with Ni and SAPO-34 was a physical reaction as shown by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The SAPO-34 and Ni were uniformly distributed on the surface of MgH₂. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of 90MgH₂/5Ni/5SAPO-34 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pressure-composition-isothermal (PCI) methods. The results showed that the dehydrogenation activation energy of 90MgH₂/5Ni/5SAPO-34 decreased by 64.3 kJ/mol compared with that of MgH₂. In addition, the relationship between the value of dehydrogenation heat and hydrogen content was also investigated by in-situ calorimetry. The enthalpy value of each sample in the dehydrogenation processes were calculated by in-situ calorimetry measurement. The dehydrogenation enthalpies of as-milled MgH₂ and 90MgH₂/5Ni/5SAPO-34 were 63.2 kJ/mol H₂ and 53.6 kJ/mol H₂, respectively. Thus, the co-doping of Ni and SAPO-34 contributed significantly to decrease the thermodynamic stability and improve the hydrogen sorption kinetic properties of MgH₂.     

基于改进Gauss-Hermite方法的在线多普勒展宽方法研究

温度对核截面的效应对反应堆中子学计算有重要影响，同时也是热工反馈的基础。准确、高效且内存占用较少的蒙特卡罗截面在线温度处理方法是其中的关键。基于多普勒展宽理论及Gauss-Hermite求积组，可使用基准温度下的截面对任意温度进行展宽计算，实现蒙特卡罗粒子输运过程中的在线多普勒展宽。本文针对传统Gauss-Hermite方法存在的问题，对该方法进行了改进，并利用典型压水堆算例进行了验证分析。结果证明，改进算法显著地提高了效率，为在线多普勒展宽方法在多物理耦合中的应用提供了基础。     

On monitoring the process mean of autocorrelated observations with measurement errors using the w-of-w runs-rules scheme

Runs-rules have been widely used since the 1950s in industrial and nonindustrial process monitoring applications to improve the performance of basic and other traditional monitoring schemes. However, none of the studies on runs-rules have accounted for a process with a combined effect of measurement errors and autocorrelation. Hence, in this paper, the use of the w-of-w runs-rules to improve the performance of the Shewhart $\overline{X}$ scheme using an additive model with a constant variance and a first-order autoregressive model is proposed. To reduce the combined negative effect of measurement errors and autocorrelation, we implement a sampling strategy based on rational subgroups in which (a) multiple measurements per item are taken (instead of a standard single measurement) and (b) non-neighboring observations are gathered. Moreover, the latter sampling strategy is incorporated into the values of probability elements of a Markov chain matrix which is used to derive some closed-form expressions for the zero- and steady-state run-length distribution. The main finding of this study is that, with respect to some overall performance measures, the proposed scheme outperforms the existing Shewhart $\overline{X}$ scheme by a significant margin. A real-life example is used to illustrate the practical implementation of the proposed scheme.     

Optical in-process height measurement system for process control of laser metal-wire deposition

We propose an in-process height measurement system for a weld bead and feedback control system for wire-feeding speed for high-quality laser deposition. Metal additive manufacturing, especially laser metal-wire deposition, is effective for complex shape fabrication and repair processing. However, we must control the gap between a weld bead and a feed wire in an optimal range for high-quality deposition. Conventionally, the Z-stage pitch for multi-layer deposition must be precisely adjusted by each deposition shape. In this paper, we design an in-process height measurement system that is integrated in a laser processing head, which measures the weld bead height by a line section method. We decreased the influence of the intense thermal radiation generated from a melt pool by inserting the band-pass filter of the line beam's wavelength in the imaging system and optimizing its line laser power. Consequently, our system can measure the weld bead height near the melt pool, which is 4 mm in front of it. Next we show that our proposed system can measure the weld bead height during wire-laser metal deposition with 50-μm accuracy by comparing its value to the true value. Finally, we achieved a cylinder shape deposition of 50-mm height, regardless of the Z-stage pitch and the cylinder diameter of the multi-layer deposition, by controlling the wire-feeding speed based on the measured weld bead height.     

基于VRS技术的煤矿地表变形监测实践研究

随着采深的增大,晋华宫矿开采过程产生严重的地表沉降问题,对该矿地面建构及设施造成了安全隐患。该矿选择采用虚拟参考站技术(VRS技术)来对地表沉降进行测量监测。监测结果表明,VRS技术具有更好的准确性和科学性,在监测过程中表现出测量范围广、工作效率高、工作量小的特点,可以对该矿地表沉降问题进行有效监测。     

复合固体推进剂中固体填料的安息角测试与仿真

复合固体推进剂含有固体颗粒较多，离散单元法是一种适合固体推进剂生产过程数值仿真的有效方法，颗粒物料的接触参数是保证离散单元法仿真精度的关键。本文以复合固体推进剂的主要组分铝粉和高氯酸铵固体颗粒为研究对象，通过实验测试获得了相关物料的安息角，利用专业离散元软件EDEM仿真模拟了安息角测试实验过程，建立了物料安息角与接触参数之间的联系。研究表明，滚动摩擦系数和滑动摩擦系数越大，安息角越大，物料流动性越差。对比仿真与实验结果，通过逆向反推法确定了物料的滑动摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数两个关键接触参数。铝粉与高氯酸铵1∶2混合颗粒的滑动摩擦系数为0.2，滚动摩擦系数为0.05。为固体推进剂加工生产过程离散元数值仿真提供了关键基础数据。     

综合案例设计在“传感器与测试技术”课程教学中的应用

“传感器与测试技术”涉及多学科交叉，是“通专融合、跨界培养”为特征的新工科人才培养中相关专业的重要课程。在非电类专业本科生所学相应基础知识有限的情况下，如何利用有限学时达到最佳教学效果，是本课程面临的一个挑战。本文探讨了教学中对不同类型传感器知识体系的凝练方法，以综合案例的分析对不同学科知识进行交叉应用介绍，希望能够加深学生对理论知识的理解，提高课堂的参与度，锻炼学生综合思考的能力。